diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/topology.h
index c7d2510e5a78..853c4f81ba4a 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/topology.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/topology.h
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #define arch_set_freq_scale topology_set_freq_scale
 #define arch_scale_freq_capacity topology_get_freq_scale
 #define arch_scale_freq_invariant topology_scale_freq_invariant
+#define arch_scale_freq_ref topology_get_freq_ref
 #endif
 
 /* Replace task scheduler's default cpu-invariant accounting */
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/topology.h
index 9fab663dd2de..a323b109b9c4 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/topology.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/topology.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ void update_freq_counters_refs(void);
 #define arch_set_freq_scale topology_set_freq_scale
 #define arch_scale_freq_capacity topology_get_freq_scale
 #define arch_scale_freq_invariant topology_scale_freq_invariant
+#define arch_scale_freq_ref topology_get_freq_ref
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_CPPC_LIB
 #define arch_init_invariance_cppc topology_init_cpu_capacity_cppc
diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/topology.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/topology.h
index e316ab3b77f3..61183688bdd5 100644
--- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/topology.h
+++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/topology.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #define arch_set_freq_scale		topology_set_freq_scale
 #define arch_scale_freq_capacity	topology_get_freq_scale
 #define arch_scale_freq_invariant	topology_scale_freq_invariant
+#define arch_scale_freq_ref		topology_get_freq_ref
 
 /* Replace task scheduler's default cpu-invariant accounting */
 #define arch_scale_cpu_capacity	topology_get_cpu_scale
diff --git a/drivers/base/arch_topology.c b/drivers/base/arch_topology.c
index b741b5ba82bd..e8d1cdf1f761 100644
--- a/drivers/base/arch_topology.c
+++ b/drivers/base/arch_topology.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <linux/units.h>
 
 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
 #include <trace/events/thermal_pressure.h>
@@ -26,7 +27,8 @@
 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct scale_freq_data __rcu *, sft_data);
 static struct cpumask scale_freq_counters_mask;
 static bool scale_freq_invariant;
-static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u32, freq_factor) = 1;
+DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, capacity_freq_ref) = 1;
+EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL_GPL(capacity_freq_ref);
 
 static bool supports_scale_freq_counters(const struct cpumask *cpus)
 {
@@ -170,9 +172,9 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, thermal_pressure);
  * operating on stale data when hot-plug is used for some CPUs. The
  * @capped_freq reflects the currently allowed max CPUs frequency due to
  * thermal capping. It might be also a boost frequency value, which is bigger
- * than the internal 'freq_factor' max frequency. In such case the pressure
- * value should simply be removed, since this is an indication that there is
- * no thermal throttling. The @capped_freq must be provided in kHz.
+ * than the internal 'capacity_freq_ref' max frequency. In such case the
+ * pressure value should simply be removed, since this is an indication that
+ * there is no thermal throttling. The @capped_freq must be provided in kHz.
  */
 void topology_update_thermal_pressure(const struct cpumask *cpus,
 				      unsigned long capped_freq)
@@ -183,10 +185,7 @@ void topology_update_thermal_pressure(const struct cpumask *cpus,
 
 	cpu = cpumask_first(cpus);
 	max_capacity = arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu);
-	max_freq = per_cpu(freq_factor, cpu);
-
-	/* Convert to MHz scale which is used in 'freq_factor' */
-	capped_freq /= 1000;
+	max_freq = arch_scale_freq_ref(cpu);
 
 	/*
 	 * Handle properly the boost frequencies, which should simply clean
@@ -279,13 +278,13 @@ void topology_normalize_cpu_scale(void)
 
 	capacity_scale = 1;
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		capacity = raw_capacity[cpu] * per_cpu(freq_factor, cpu);
+		capacity = raw_capacity[cpu] * per_cpu(capacity_freq_ref, cpu);
 		capacity_scale = max(capacity, capacity_scale);
 	}
 
 	pr_debug("cpu_capacity: capacity_scale=%llu\n", capacity_scale);
 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
-		capacity = raw_capacity[cpu] * per_cpu(freq_factor, cpu);
+		capacity = raw_capacity[cpu] * per_cpu(capacity_freq_ref, cpu);
 		capacity = div64_u64(capacity << SCHED_CAPACITY_SHIFT,
 			capacity_scale);
 		topology_set_cpu_scale(cpu, capacity);
@@ -321,15 +320,15 @@ bool __init topology_parse_cpu_capacity(struct device_node *cpu_node, int cpu)
 			cpu_node, raw_capacity[cpu]);
 
 		/*
-		 * Update freq_factor for calculating early boot cpu capacities.
+		 * Update capacity_freq_ref for calculating early boot cpu capacities.
 		 * For non-clk CPU DVFS mechanism, there's no way to get the
 		 * frequency value now, assuming they are running at the same
-		 * frequency (by keeping the initial freq_factor value).
+		 * frequency (by keeping the initial capacity_freq_ref value).
 		 */
 		cpu_clk = of_clk_get(cpu_node, 0);
 		if (!PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(cpu_clk)) {
-			per_cpu(freq_factor, cpu) =
-				clk_get_rate(cpu_clk) / 1000;
+			per_cpu(capacity_freq_ref, cpu) =
+				clk_get_rate(cpu_clk) / HZ_PER_KHZ;
 			clk_put(cpu_clk);
 		}
 	} else {
@@ -411,7 +410,7 @@ init_cpu_capacity_callback(struct notifier_block *nb,
 	cpumask_andnot(cpus_to_visit, cpus_to_visit, policy->related_cpus);
 
 	for_each_cpu(cpu, policy->related_cpus)
-		per_cpu(freq_factor, cpu) = policy->cpuinfo.max_freq / 1000;
+		per_cpu(capacity_freq_ref, cpu) = policy->cpuinfo.max_freq;
 
 	if (cpumask_empty(cpus_to_visit)) {
 		topology_normalize_cpu_scale();
diff --git a/include/linux/arch_topology.h b/include/linux/arch_topology.h
index a07b510e7dc5..32c24ff4f2a8 100644
--- a/include/linux/arch_topology.h
+++ b/include/linux/arch_topology.h
@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ static inline unsigned long topology_get_cpu_scale(int cpu)
 
 void topology_set_cpu_scale(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long capacity);
 
+DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, capacity_freq_ref);
+
+static inline unsigned long topology_get_freq_ref(int cpu)
+{
+	return per_cpu(capacity_freq_ref, cpu);
+}
+
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, arch_freq_scale);
 
 static inline unsigned long topology_get_freq_scale(int cpu)
diff --git a/include/linux/sched/topology.h b/include/linux/sched/topology.h
index de545ba85218..a6e04b4a21d7 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched/topology.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched/topology.h
@@ -279,6 +279,14 @@ void arch_update_thermal_pressure(const struct cpumask *cpus,
 { }
 #endif
 
+#ifndef arch_scale_freq_ref
+static __always_inline
+unsigned int arch_scale_freq_ref(int cpu)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
 static inline int task_node(const struct task_struct *p)
 {
 	return cpu_to_node(task_cpu(p));
