diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c
index 2155fafda27a5f..9d61a62c4be067 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c
@@ -353,16 +353,41 @@ iommufd_hw_pagetable_detach(struct iommufd_device *idev)
 	return hwpt;
 }
 
+static struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *
+iommufd_device_do_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev,
+			 struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(hwpt, idev);
+	if (rc)
+		return ERR_PTR(rc);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+typedef struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *(*attach_fn)(
+	struct iommufd_device *idev, struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt);
+
 /*
  * When automatically managing the domains we search for a compatible domain in
  * the iopt and if one is found use it, otherwise create a new domain.
  * Automatic domain selection will never pick a manually created domain.
  */
-static int iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(struct iommufd_device *idev,
-					  struct iommufd_ioas *ioas, u32 *pt_id)
+static struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *
+iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(struct iommufd_device *idev,
+			       struct iommufd_ioas *ioas, u32 *pt_id,
+			       attach_fn do_attach)
 {
+	/*
+	 * iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach() is called by
+	 * iommufd_hw_pagetable_alloc() in immediate attachment mode, same as
+	 * iommufd_device_do_attach(). So if we are in this mode then we prefer
+	 * to use the immediate_attach path as it supports drivers that can't
+	 * directly allocate a domain.
+	 */
+	bool immediate_attach = do_attach == iommufd_device_do_attach;
+	struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *destroy_hwpt;
 	struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt;
-	int rc;
 
 	/*
 	 * There is no differentiation when domains are allocated, so any domain
@@ -376,52 +401,58 @@ static int iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(struct iommufd_device *idev,
 
 		if (!iommufd_lock_obj(&hwpt->obj))
 			continue;
-		rc = iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(hwpt, idev);
-		iommufd_put_object(&hwpt->obj);
-
-		/*
-		 * -EINVAL means the domain is incompatible with the device.
-		 * Other error codes should propagate to userspace as failure.
-		 * Success means the domain is attached.
-		 */
-		if (rc == -EINVAL)
-			continue;
+		destroy_hwpt = (*do_attach)(idev, hwpt);
+		if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt)) {
+			iommufd_put_object(&hwpt->obj);
+			/*
+			 * -EINVAL means the domain is incompatible with the
+			 * device. Other error codes should propagate to
+			 * userspace as failure. Success means the domain is
+			 * attached.
+			 */
+			if (PTR_ERR(destroy_hwpt) == -EINVAL)
+				continue;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
 		*pt_id = hwpt->obj.id;
+		iommufd_put_object(&hwpt->obj);
 		goto out_unlock;
 	}
 
-	hwpt = iommufd_hw_pagetable_alloc(idev->ictx, ioas, idev, true);
+	hwpt = iommufd_hw_pagetable_alloc(idev->ictx, ioas, idev,
+					  immediate_attach);
 	if (IS_ERR(hwpt)) {
-		rc = PTR_ERR(hwpt);
+		destroy_hwpt = ERR_CAST(hwpt);
 		goto out_unlock;
 	}
+
+	if (!immediate_attach) {
+		destroy_hwpt = (*do_attach)(idev, hwpt);
+		if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt))
+			goto out_abort;
+	} else {
+		destroy_hwpt = NULL;
+	}
+
 	hwpt->auto_domain = true;
 	*pt_id = hwpt->obj.id;
 
 	iommufd_object_finalize(idev->ictx, &hwpt->obj);
 	mutex_unlock(&ioas->mutex);
-	return 0;
+	return destroy_hwpt;
+
+out_abort:
+	iommufd_object_abort_and_destroy(idev->ictx, &hwpt->obj);
 out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&ioas->mutex);
-	return rc;
+	return destroy_hwpt;
 }
 
-/**
- * iommufd_device_attach - Connect a device from an iommu_domain
- * @idev: device to attach
- * @pt_id: Input a IOMMUFD_OBJ_IOAS, or IOMMUFD_OBJ_HW_PAGETABLE
- *         Output the IOMMUFD_OBJ_HW_PAGETABLE ID
- *
- * This connects the device to an iommu_domain, either automatically or manually
- * selected. Once this completes the device could do DMA.
- *
- * The caller should return the resulting pt_id back to userspace.
- * This function is undone by calling iommufd_device_detach().
- */
-int iommufd_device_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev, u32 *pt_id)
+static int iommufd_device_change_pt(struct iommufd_device *idev, u32 *pt_id,
+				    attach_fn do_attach)
 {
+	struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *destroy_hwpt;
 	struct iommufd_object *pt_obj;
-	int rc;
 
 	pt_obj = iommufd_get_object(idev->ictx, *pt_id, IOMMUFD_OBJ_ANY);
 	if (IS_ERR(pt_obj))
@@ -432,8 +463,8 @@ int iommufd_device_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev, u32 *pt_id)
 		struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt =
 			container_of(pt_obj, struct iommufd_hw_pagetable, obj);
 
-		rc = iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(hwpt, idev);
-		if (rc)
+		destroy_hwpt = (*do_attach)(idev, hwpt);
+		if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt))
 			goto out_put_pt_obj;
 		break;
 	}
@@ -441,22 +472,54 @@ int iommufd_device_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev, u32 *pt_id)
 		struct iommufd_ioas *ioas =
 			container_of(pt_obj, struct iommufd_ioas, obj);
 
-		rc = iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(idev, ioas, pt_id);
-		if (rc)
+		destroy_hwpt = iommufd_device_auto_get_domain(idev, ioas, pt_id,
+							      do_attach);
+		if (IS_ERR(destroy_hwpt))
 			goto out_put_pt_obj;
 		break;
 	}
 	default:
-		rc = -EINVAL;
+		destroy_hwpt = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 		goto out_put_pt_obj;
 	}
+	iommufd_put_object(pt_obj);
 
-	refcount_inc(&idev->obj.users);
-	rc = 0;
+	/* This destruction has to be after we unlock everything */
+	if (destroy_hwpt)
+		iommufd_hw_pagetable_put(idev->ictx, destroy_hwpt);
+	return 0;
 
 out_put_pt_obj:
 	iommufd_put_object(pt_obj);
-	return rc;
+	return PTR_ERR(destroy_hwpt);
+}
+
+/**
+ * iommufd_device_attach - Connect a device to an iommu_domain
+ * @idev: device to attach
+ * @pt_id: Input a IOMMUFD_OBJ_IOAS, or IOMMUFD_OBJ_HW_PAGETABLE
+ *         Output the IOMMUFD_OBJ_HW_PAGETABLE ID
+ *
+ * This connects the device to an iommu_domain, either automatically or manually
+ * selected. Once this completes the device could do DMA.
+ *
+ * The caller should return the resulting pt_id back to userspace.
+ * This function is undone by calling iommufd_device_detach().
+ */
+int iommufd_device_attach(struct iommufd_device *idev, u32 *pt_id)
+{
+	int rc;
+
+	rc = iommufd_device_change_pt(idev, pt_id, &iommufd_device_do_attach);
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+
+	/*
+	 * Pairs with iommufd_device_detach() - catches caller bugs attempting
+	 * to destroy a device with an attachment.
+	 */
+	refcount_inc(&idev->obj.users);
+	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_attach, IOMMUFD);
 
