diff --git a/target/m68k/cpu.h b/target/m68k/cpu.h
index 20de3c379a..89af14e899 100644
--- a/target/m68k/cpu.h
+++ b/target/m68k/cpu.h
@@ -516,8 +516,6 @@ enum {
 #define cpu_list m68k_cpu_list
 
 /* MMU modes definitions */
-#define MMU_MODE0_SUFFIX _kernel
-#define MMU_MODE1_SUFFIX _user
 #define MMU_KERNEL_IDX 0
 #define MMU_USER_IDX 1
 static inline int cpu_mmu_index (CPUM68KState *env, bool ifetch)
diff --git a/target/m68k/op_helper.c b/target/m68k/op_helper.c
index bc4f845e3f..202498deb5 100644
--- a/target/m68k/op_helper.c
+++ b/target/m68k/op_helper.c
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ static void cf_rte(CPUM68KState *env)
     uint32_t fmt;
 
     sp = env->aregs[7];
-    fmt = cpu_ldl_kernel(env, sp);
-    env->pc = cpu_ldl_kernel(env, sp + 4);
+    fmt = cpu_ldl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+    env->pc = cpu_ldl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp + 4, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     sp |= (fmt >> 28) & 3;
     env->aregs[7] = sp + 8;
 
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ static void m68k_rte(CPUM68KState *env)
 
     sp = env->aregs[7];
 throwaway:
-    sr = cpu_lduw_kernel(env, sp);
+    sr = cpu_lduw_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     sp += 2;
-    env->pc = cpu_ldl_kernel(env, sp);
+    env->pc = cpu_ldl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     sp += 4;
     if (m68k_feature(env, M68K_FEATURE_QUAD_MULDIV)) {
         /*  all except 68000 */
-        fmt = cpu_lduw_kernel(env, sp);
+        fmt = cpu_lduw_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
         sp += 2;
         switch (fmt >> 12) {
         case 0:
@@ -260,12 +260,12 @@ static void cf_interrupt_all(CPUM68KState *env, int is_hw)
     /* ??? This could cause MMU faults.  */
     sp &= ~3;
     sp -= 4;
-    cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, retaddr);
+    cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, retaddr, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     sp -= 4;
-    cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, fmt);
+    cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, fmt, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     env->aregs[7] = sp;
     /* Jump to vector.  */
-    env->pc = cpu_ldl_kernel(env, env->vbr + vector);
+    env->pc = cpu_ldl_mmuidx_ra(env, env->vbr + vector, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
 }
 
 static inline void do_stack_frame(CPUM68KState *env, uint32_t *sp,
@@ -278,23 +278,24 @@ static inline void do_stack_frame(CPUM68KState *env, uint32_t *sp,
         switch (format) {
         case 4:
             *sp -= 4;
-            cpu_stl_kernel(env, *sp, env->pc);
+            cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, *sp, env->pc, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
             *sp -= 4;
-            cpu_stl_kernel(env, *sp, addr);
+            cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, *sp, addr, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
             break;
         case 3:
         case 2:
             *sp -= 4;
-            cpu_stl_kernel(env, *sp, addr);
+            cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, *sp, addr, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
             break;
         }
         *sp -= 2;
-        cpu_stw_kernel(env, *sp, (format << 12) + (cs->exception_index << 2));
+        cpu_stw_mmuidx_ra(env, *sp, (format << 12) + (cs->exception_index << 2),
+                          MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     }
     *sp -= 4;
-    cpu_stl_kernel(env, *sp, retaddr);
+    cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, *sp, retaddr, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
     *sp -= 2;
-    cpu_stw_kernel(env, *sp, sr);
+    cpu_stw_mmuidx_ra(env, *sp, sr, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
 }
 
 static void m68k_interrupt_all(CPUM68KState *env, int is_hw)
@@ -353,36 +354,52 @@ static void m68k_interrupt_all(CPUM68KState *env, int is_hw)
             cpu_abort(cs, "DOUBLE MMU FAULT\n");
         }
         env->mmu.fault = true;
+        /* push data 3 */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* push data 3 */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* push data 2 */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* push data 2 */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* push data 1 */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* push data 1 */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 1 / push data 0 */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 1 / push data 0 */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 1 address */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 1 address */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 2 data */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 2 data */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 2 address */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 2 address */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 3 data */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 3 data */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 3 address */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, env->mmu.ar); /* write back 3 address */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, env->mmu.ar, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* fault address */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, env->mmu.ar); /* fault address */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, env->mmu.ar, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 1 status */
         sp -= 2;
-        cpu_stw_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 1 status */
+        cpu_stw_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 2 status */
         sp -= 2;
-        cpu_stw_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 2 status */
+        cpu_stw_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* write back 3 status */
         sp -= 2;
-        cpu_stw_kernel(env, sp, 0); /* write back 3 status */
+        cpu_stw_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, 0, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* special status word */
         sp -= 2;
-        cpu_stw_kernel(env, sp, env->mmu.ssw); /* special status word */
+        cpu_stw_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, env->mmu.ssw, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+        /* effective address */
         sp -= 4;
-        cpu_stl_kernel(env, sp, env->mmu.ar); /* effective address */
+        cpu_stl_mmuidx_ra(env, sp, env->mmu.ar, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
+
         do_stack_frame(env, &sp, 7, oldsr, 0, retaddr);
         env->mmu.fault = false;
         if (qemu_loglevel_mask(CPU_LOG_INT)) {
@@ -414,7 +431,7 @@ static void m68k_interrupt_all(CPUM68KState *env, int is_hw)
 
     env->aregs[7] = sp;
     /* Jump to vector.  */
-    env->pc = cpu_ldl_kernel(env, env->vbr + vector);
+    env->pc = cpu_ldl_mmuidx_ra(env, env->vbr + vector, MMU_KERNEL_IDX, 0);
 }
 
 static void do_interrupt_all(CPUM68KState *env, int is_hw)
