diff --git a/.gitlab-ci.d/buildtest.yml b/.gitlab-ci.d/buildtest.yml
index da72f7c690..7f9af83b10 100644
--- a/.gitlab-ci.d/buildtest.yml
+++ b/.gitlab-ci.d/buildtest.yml
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ build-system-debian:
   needs:
     job: amd64-debian-container
   variables:
-    IMAGE: debian-amd64
+    IMAGE: debian
     CONFIGURE_ARGS: --with-coroutine=sigaltstack
     TARGETS: arm-softmmu i386-softmmu riscv64-softmmu sh4eb-softmmu
       sparc-softmmu xtensa-softmmu
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ check-system-debian:
     - job: build-system-debian
       artifacts: true
   variables:
-    IMAGE: debian-amd64
+    IMAGE: debian
     MAKE_CHECK_ARGS: check
 
 avocado-system-debian:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ avocado-system-debian:
     - job: build-system-debian
       artifacts: true
   variables:
-    IMAGE: debian-amd64
+    IMAGE: debian
     MAKE_CHECK_ARGS: check-avocado
     AVOCADO_TAGS: arch:arm arch:i386 arch:riscv64 arch:sh4 arch:sparc arch:xtensa
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ crash-test-debian:
     - job: build-system-debian
       artifacts: true
   variables:
-    IMAGE: debian-amd64
+    IMAGE: debian
   script:
     - cd build
     - make NINJA=":" check-venv
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ build-tools-and-docs-debian:
     # when running on 'master' we use pre-existing container
     optional: true
   variables:
-    IMAGE: debian-amd64
+    IMAGE: debian
     MAKE_CHECK_ARGS: check-unit ctags TAGS cscope
     CONFIGURE_ARGS: --disable-system --disable-user --enable-docs --enable-tools
     QEMU_JOB_PUBLISH: 1
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ build-tools-and-docs-debian:
 # of what topic branch they're currently using
 pages:
   extends: .base_job_template
-  image: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/qemu/debian-amd64:$QEMU_CI_CONTAINER_TAG
+  image: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/qemu/debian:$QEMU_CI_CONTAINER_TAG
   stage: test
   needs:
     - job: build-tools-and-docs-debian
diff --git a/.gitlab-ci.d/containers.yml b/.gitlab-ci.d/containers.yml
index 8637a13d86..ae79d4c58b 100644
--- a/.gitlab-ci.d/containers.yml
+++ b/.gitlab-ci.d/containers.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ amd64-debian-container:
   extends: .container_job_template
   stage: containers
   variables:
-    NAME: debian-amd64
+    NAME: debian
 
 amd64-ubuntu2204-container:
   extends: .container_job_template
diff --git a/tests/docker/Makefile.include b/tests/docker/Makefile.include
index cd4688bf07..5ba5b50ab9 100644
--- a/tests/docker/Makefile.include
+++ b/tests/docker/Makefile.include
@@ -88,9 +88,6 @@ DOCKER_PARTIAL_IMAGES += debian-s390x-cross
 DOCKER_PARTIAL_IMAGES += fedora
 endif
 
-# The native build should never use the registry
-docker-image-debian-native: DOCKER_REGISTRY=
-
 # alpine has no adduser
 docker-image-alpine: NOUSER=1
 
diff --git a/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian-native.docker b/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian-native.docker
deleted file mode 100644
index abac7d7cd7..0000000000
--- a/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian-native.docker
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Docker Debian Native
-#
-# This is intended to build QEMU on native host systems. Debian is
-# chosen due to the broadest range on supported host systems for QEMU.
-#
-# This docker target is based on the docker.io Debian Bullseye base
-# image rather than QEMU's base because we would otherwise confuse the
-# build grabbing stuff from the registry built for other
-# architectures.
-#
-FROM docker.io/library/debian:bullseye-slim
-MAINTAINER Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
-
-# Duplicate deb line as deb-src
-RUN cat /etc/apt/sources.list | sed "s/^deb\ /deb-src /" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
-
-# Install common build utilities
-RUN apt update && \
-    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -yy eatmydata
-
-RUN apt update && \
-    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive eatmydata \
-    apt build-dep -yy --arch-only qemu
-
-RUN apt update && \
-    DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive eatmydata \
-    apt install -y --no-install-recommends \
-        cscope \
-        genisoimage \
-        exuberant-ctags \
-        global \
-        libbz2-dev \
-        liblzo2-dev \
-        libgcrypt20-dev \
-        libfdt-dev \
-        librdmacm-dev \
-        libsasl2-dev \
-        libsnappy-dev \
-        libvte-dev \
-        netcat-openbsd \
-        ninja-build \
-        openssh-client \
-        python3-numpy \
-        python3-opencv \
-        python3-venv
-
-ENV QEMU_CONFIGURE_OPTS $QEMU_CONFIGURE_OPTS
-ENV DEF_TARGET_LIST "none"
-# As a final step configure the user (if env is defined)
-ARG USER
-ARG UID
-RUN if [ "${USER}" ]; then \
-  id ${USER} 2>/dev/null || useradd -u ${UID} -U ${USER}; fi
diff --git a/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian-amd64.docker b/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian.docker
similarity index 96%
rename from tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian-amd64.docker
rename to tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian.docker
index 9b50fb2f63..b5e642d5b6 100644
--- a/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian-amd64.docker
+++ b/tests/docker/dockerfiles/debian.docker
@@ -155,10 +155,13 @@ RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive eatmydata \
   apt install -y --no-install-recommends \
   cscope\
   global\
-  linux-headers-amd64
+  linux-headers-generic
 RUN git clone https://github.com/luigirizzo/netmap.git /usr/src/netmap
 RUN cd /usr/src/netmap && git checkout v11.3
-RUN cd /usr/src/netmap/LINUX && ./configure --no-drivers --no-apps --kernel-dir=$(ls -d /usr/src/linux-headers-*-amd64) && make install
+RUN cd /usr/src/netmap/LINUX && \
+  ./configure --no-drivers --no-apps \
+  --kernel-dir=$(ls -d /usr/src/linux-headers-*-$(dpkg --print-architecture)) \
+  && make install
 ENV QEMU_CONFIGURE_OPTS --enable-netmap
 # As a final step configure the user (if env is defined)
 ARG USER
diff --git a/tests/lcitool/refresh b/tests/lcitool/refresh
index 10c54a377c..13250f40c4 100755
--- a/tests/lcitool/refresh
+++ b/tests/lcitool/refresh
@@ -99,10 +99,13 @@ debian12_extras = [
     "  apt install -y --no-install-recommends \\\n",
     "  cscope\\\n",
     "  global\\\n",
-    "  linux-headers-amd64\n",
+    "  linux-headers-generic\n",
     "RUN git clone https://github.com/luigirizzo/netmap.git /usr/src/netmap\n",
     "RUN cd /usr/src/netmap && git checkout v11.3\n",
-    "RUN cd /usr/src/netmap/LINUX && ./configure --no-drivers --no-apps --kernel-dir=$(ls -d /usr/src/linux-headers-*-amd64) && make install\n",
+    "RUN cd /usr/src/netmap/LINUX && \\\n",
+    "  ./configure --no-drivers --no-apps \\\n",
+    "  --kernel-dir=$(ls -d /usr/src/linux-headers-*-$(dpkg --print-architecture)) \\\n",
+    "  && make install\n",
     "ENV QEMU_CONFIGURE_OPTS --enable-netmap\n"
 ]
 
@@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ try:
     #
     generate_dockerfile("alpine", "alpine-318")
     generate_dockerfile("centos8", "centos-stream-8")
-    generate_dockerfile("debian-amd64", "debian-12",
+    generate_dockerfile("debian", "debian-12",
                         trailer="".join(debian12_extras))
     generate_dockerfile("fedora", "fedora-38")
     generate_dockerfile("opensuse-leap", "opensuse-leap-15")
