diff --git a/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h b/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h
index 6e2c98de97a..a4ba6227ab4 100644
--- a/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h
+++ b/target/s390x/s390x-internal.h
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@ bool s390_cpu_system_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp);
 void s390_cpu_finalize(Object *obj);
 void s390_cpu_system_class_init(CPUClass *cc);
 void s390_cpu_machine_reset_cb(void *opaque);
+bool s390_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs);
 
 #else
 static inline unsigned int s390_cpu_halt(S390CPU *cpu)
@@ -341,6 +342,7 @@ void cpu_unmap_lowcore(LowCore *lowcore);
 
 /* interrupt.c */
 void trigger_pgm_exception(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t code);
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
 void cpu_inject_clock_comparator(S390CPU *cpu);
 void cpu_inject_cpu_timer(S390CPU *cpu);
 void cpu_inject_emergency_signal(S390CPU *cpu, uint16_t src_cpu_addr);
@@ -353,6 +355,7 @@ bool s390_cpu_has_restart_int(S390CPU *cpu);
 bool s390_cpu_has_stop_int(S390CPU *cpu);
 void cpu_inject_restart(S390CPU *cpu);
 void cpu_inject_stop(S390CPU *cpu);
+#endif /* CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
 
 
 /* ioinst.c */
diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu-system.c b/target/s390x/cpu-system.c
index e9f8e7cc72f..9b380e343c2 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu-system.c
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu-system.c
@@ -39,6 +39,23 @@
 #include "system/tcg.h"
 #include "hw/core/sysemu-cpu-ops.h"
 
+bool s390_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
+{
+    S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(cs);
+
+    /* STOPPED cpus can never wake up */
+    if (s390_cpu_get_state(cpu) != S390_CPU_STATE_LOAD &&
+        s390_cpu_get_state(cpu) != S390_CPU_STATE_OPERATING) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!(cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return s390_cpu_has_int(cpu);
+}
+
 /* S390CPUClass::load_normal() */
 static void s390_cpu_load_normal(CPUState *s)
 {
@@ -158,6 +175,7 @@ void s390_cpu_finalize(Object *obj)
 }
 
 static const struct SysemuCPUOps s390_sysemu_ops = {
+    .has_work = s390_cpu_has_work,
     .get_phys_page_debug = s390_cpu_get_phys_page_debug,
     .get_crash_info = s390_cpu_get_crash_info,
     .write_elf64_note = s390_cpu_write_elf64_note,
diff --git a/target/s390x/cpu.c b/target/s390x/cpu.c
index 97d41c23de7..eb2c6650989 100644
--- a/target/s390x/cpu.c
+++ b/target/s390x/cpu.c
@@ -126,23 +126,6 @@ static vaddr s390_cpu_get_pc(CPUState *cs)
     return cpu->env.psw.addr;
 }
 
-static bool s390_cpu_has_work(CPUState *cs)
-{
-    S390CPU *cpu = S390_CPU(cs);
-
-    /* STOPPED cpus can never wake up */
-    if (s390_cpu_get_state(cpu) != S390_CPU_STATE_LOAD &&
-        s390_cpu_get_state(cpu) != S390_CPU_STATE_OPERATING) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!(cs->interrupt_request & CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return s390_cpu_has_int(cpu);
-}
-
 static int s390x_cpu_mmu_index(CPUState *cs, bool ifetch)
 {
     return s390x_env_mmu_index(cpu_env(cs), ifetch);
@@ -394,7 +377,6 @@ static void s390_cpu_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data)
                                        &scc->parent_phases);
 
     cc->class_by_name = s390_cpu_class_by_name,
-    cc->has_work = s390_cpu_has_work;
     cc->mmu_index = s390x_cpu_mmu_index;
     cc->dump_state = s390_cpu_dump_state;
     cc->query_cpu_fast = s390_query_cpu_fast;
diff --git a/target/s390x/interrupt.c b/target/s390x/interrupt.c
index d68d8955b1a..4ae6e2ddeaa 100644
--- a/target/s390x/interrupt.c
+++ b/target/s390x/interrupt.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ void trigger_pgm_exception(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t code)
     /* env->int_pgm_ilen is already set, or will be set during unwinding */
 }
 
+#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 void s390_program_interrupt(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t code, uintptr_t ra)
 {
     if (kvm_enabled()) {
@@ -41,7 +42,6 @@ void s390_program_interrupt(CPUS390XState *env, uint32_t code, uintptr_t ra)
     }
 }
 
-#if !defined(CONFIG_USER_ONLY)
 void cpu_inject_clock_comparator(S390CPU *cpu)
 {
     CPUS390XState *env = &cpu->env;
@@ -225,11 +225,9 @@ bool s390_cpu_has_stop_int(S390CPU *cpu)
 
     return env->pending_int & INTERRUPT_STOP;
 }
-#endif
 
 bool s390_cpu_has_int(S390CPU *cpu)
 {
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
     if (!tcg_enabled()) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -238,7 +236,5 @@ bool s390_cpu_has_int(S390CPU *cpu)
            s390_cpu_has_io_int(cpu) ||
            s390_cpu_has_restart_int(cpu) ||
            s390_cpu_has_stop_int(cpu);
-#else
-    return false;
-#endif
 }
+#endif /* !CONFIG_USER_ONLY */
